Goldfish are some of the most popular and beautiful fish to keep as pets. But have you ever thought about how to breed and raise goldfish? It might sound complicated, but with the right knowledge and a little patience, you can successfully breed and raise goldfish right in your own home.
Let’s dive into this exciting journey together! By the end of this guide, you’ll know everything about selecting the right fish, encouraging spawning, caring for tiny fry, and raising them into healthy adult fish. This comprehensive guide will teach you all you need to know about how to breed and raise goldfish successfully.
Choosing the Right Goldfish for Breeding
Before you start, it’s essential to choose healthy, mature goldfish for breeding.
1. Pick the Right Goldfish Breed
Not all goldfish breeds are equally easy to breed. Some fancy varieties, like Orandas or Ranchus, require more care, while Common or Comet goldfish are more resilient. Decide what kind of goldfish you want to breed and raise.
2. Ensure Your Goldfish Are Mature
Goldfish need to be at least one year old to breed successfully. Mature males develop small white spots, called breeding tubercles, on their gill covers and pectoral fins. Females become rounder as they fill with eggs.
3. Look for Healthy Fish
Your breeding fish should be active, well-fed, and free of diseases. Avoid fish with torn fins, discoloration, or sluggish behavior.
Setting Up the Breeding Tank
Goldfish need the right environment to encourage spawning. Here’s how to set up a perfect breeding tank:
1. Choose the Right Tank Size
A separate 20-30 gallon breeding tank is ideal. This ensures the eggs and baby fish (fry) are protected from the adults.
2. Add a Spawning Mop or Fine Plants
Goldfish lay their eggs on surfaces like spawning mops, fine-leaved plants, or smooth surfaces. You can make a DIY spawning mop with yarn or buy one from a pet store.
3. Maintain the Right Water Conditions
- Temperature: Slowly raise the water temperature to 68-74°F (20-23°C) to mimic spring conditions.
- Filtration: Use a gentle sponge filter to keep the water clean without harming delicate eggs.
- Oxygen Levels: Goldfish eggs need plenty of oxygen, so an air stone can help keep water moving.
Encouraging Spawning
Once your tank is ready, it’s time to encourage romance in the water!
1. Feed a High-Protein Diet
Goldfish need extra nutrition to prepare for breeding. Feed them high-protein foods like bloodworms, brine shrimp, and quality pellets.
2. Mimic Springtime Conditions
In the wild, goldfish breed in the spring. To mimic this, gradually raise the water temperature by 2°F per day until it reaches around 74°F.
3. Observe Courtship Behavior
When ready, males will begin chasing females, nudging their bellies to encourage egg-laying. This may look a little rough, but it’s normal behavior.
The Spawning Process
Once the female lays eggs, the male will fertilize them. Goldfish can lay hundreds or even thousands of eggs at once!
1. Remove the Parents After Spawning
Goldfish have no parental instincts and will eat their own eggs. Once spawning is complete, remove the adult fish to prevent them from feasting on their future babies.
2. Protect the Eggs
Goldfish eggs are sticky and will attach to surfaces. Some may turn white and fuzzy, which means they are infertile or developing fungus. Remove these eggs to prevent the fungus from spreading.
Hatching Goldfish Eggs
Goldfish eggs usually hatch in 3-7 days, depending on the water temperature.
1. Keep the Water Clean
- Perform gentle water changes to keep ammonia levels low.
- Maintain a stable temperature to ensure proper hatching.
2. Watch for Tiny Fry
Once hatched, tiny goldfish fry will look like slivers of glass and stick to surfaces. They won’t swim much at first, but don’t worry – they’re just getting used to their new world!
Feeding Baby Goldfish (Fry)
Feeding fry properly is critical for their growth. They need tiny, nutritious foods.

Tiny Fry Fish Food 1.76 oz, Fine Powder for Newborn Aquarium Fish
1. Start with Infusoria or Liquid Fry Food
Newly hatched fry are too small for normal food. For the first few days, feed them liquid fry food or live infusoria (tiny microorganisms).
2. Introduce Baby Brine Shrimp
After a week, start feeding baby brine shrimp or finely crushed flakes. This helps them grow faster.
3. Feed Small Amounts Often
Goldfish fry need frequent, small feedings – about 4-5 times per day.
Raising Goldfish Fry
Raising fry takes time, but watching them grow is incredibly rewarding!
1. Provide Space to Grow
As the fry grow, move them into larger tanks to prevent overcrowding. Goldfish grow quickly and need space to develop properly.
2. Perform Regular Water Changes
Clean water is essential. Do small, frequent water changes to prevent ammonia build-up.
3. Monitor Their Growth
After a few weeks, some fry will grow faster than others. Separate larger and smaller fry to prevent bullying and ensure fair feeding opportunities.
When to Move Goldfish to Their Permanent Home
By 6-8 weeks, goldfish fry should be big enough (around 1 inch) to be moved into a larger tank or outdoor pond.
1. Acclimate Them Slowly
Just like with any fish, gradually introduce them to new water conditions to avoid stress.
2. Continue Proper Nutrition
Goldfish are always growing, so keep feeding them a balanced diet to support healthy development.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Even experienced breeders make mistakes. Here’s what not to do:
1. Keeping the Fry with Adult Fish
Adult goldfish will eat the fry, so always keep them in a separate tank.
2. Skipping Water Changes
Dirty water kills fry quickly. Stay on top of maintenance.
3. Overfeeding
Yes, fry need food, but overfeeding causes poor water quality. Feed small amounts and remove uneaten food.
Final Thoughts
Breeding goldfish is an amazing and rewarding experience. It takes patience, but watching tiny fry grow into healthy, colorful goldfish is worth the effort.
So, if you’re ready to take on the challenge of how to breed and raise goldfish, get started today! Your future fishy family awaits. 🐠
Happy goldfish breeding!